Car battery: get rid of impetuous heart
In today's hot new energy vehicles, electric vehicle battery as one of the four cathode material lithium iron phosphate, into a hot concept.
Since the beginning of this year, the lithium iron phosphate battery technology patent battle has proclaimed the upgrade report. Several large multinational companies from Europe and America called lithium iron phosphate has the core technology patent, they played the patent battle. Moreover, more recent media reports, from Canada Phostech company and China's battery manufacturing enterprise bargaining, and that "entry fee" $ 10 million to produce 1 ton of lithium iron phosphate demanding to pay $ 2,500.
Patent battle seems to have given the technology by adding a more mysterious aura. However, it seems that the community of lithium iron phosphate has high hopes prematurely, the experts pointed out that the lithium iron phosphate power battery-powered electric vehicles is not an effective solution.
"Do not iron phosphate lithium battery electric vehicles in the role of exaggerated." State 973 plans electric vehicle energy storage project's chief scientist, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Professor Ma Zifeng said, "the academic point of view, lithium iron phosphate is not may be the next major new energy battery vehicles present lithium-ion battery cathode material, there are four, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and ternary materials, from single-cell voltage point of view, than the cobalt lithium iron phosphate lithium and other materials is much lower energy density lithium iron phosphate is low, the battery system bulky, large-scale use may not be appropriate, more technical argument is needed, we rush to war on many companies lithium iron phosphate project, likely to be foreign companies loophole. "
Should not blind launched
In recent years, the new car market is booming energy to develop. Data show that by 2012, China will create 500 000 new energy automobile production capacity to 20,000 yuan battery bicycle use (considering the hybrid and pure electric vehicles), the average level of estimates, the domestic automotive battery market could reach 10 billion yuan, equivalent to the current lithium battery market grew 100%. 2020, new energy vehicles driven global automotive battery market demand will exceed 200 billion yuan. It is undeniable that China car battery industry will usher in rapid development of the golden opportunity.
In contrast, in the hot auto market behind the new energy, the corresponding battery technology is also increasingly on the agenda. At present, China's new energy vehicles showing the layout of pure electric vehicles, hybrid fuel cell vehicles and keep pace with the situation. Pure electric vehicles on the market today mainly use the batteries are nickel metal hydride batteries, lead acid batteries and lithium batteries. Should be said that a variety of technologies are not enough, there are some flaws, many laboratories and companies still have to improve.
Currently On the whole, there is a lithium battery safety issues. Whether or lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, from the cycle life, reliability, security, in terms of charge-discharge performance, there are a variety of defects. "Domestic power recently in 2012 (600,627, stock it) the pool is very large enterprise project, can be no real breakthrough. Lithium batteries in five parts: the cathode material, anode material, electrolyte, separator, packaging, every items are very important, are all core technologies. research in which, as has been the incredible. "Triangle Changshu Institute of Technology, Changsha green energy Yongkang said.
As a result, the frenzy of lithium iron phosphate is now part reflects the mentality of the majority of Chinese enterprises. A technology not yet mature in the premise, do not put more effort and money spent on technology research, but choose quickly launched, this is really a waste of resources.
In addition, the quality of the domestic lithium battery there are still large gaps with foreign, mainly determined by the production of different ways. Zhejiang University, Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Wanglian Bang said: "Chinese enterprises mechanization and automation vary greatly with the foreign, many of which are handmade. A battery can not see it, hundreds of cells in series in one, the difference is obvious. quality gap between the consistency of the main battery from raw materials to products, there are very many processes. a group of products of different quality are not the same. 100 batteries, there are 2 may not be good, which is the mode of production the problem, not 2012 to make up. "
Sand Yongkang also believes that consistency is not guaranteed a big problem. "In this way it is possible to do cell phone batteries, battery capacity is small because the cell phone. An electric car drove 150 km to 15 kwh storage capacity of 20 kWh battery pack, cell phone batteries may be 1 watt, equivalent to 15,000 times used in most of our business is machinery plus the manual way, consistency is not high now the yield is still very low. "
Path to future technologies
If the lithium battery can not take on the future development of new energy vehicles task, then who can play a leading role it?
Although there are many domestic enterprises to promote lead-acid batteries, but due to high pollution of this feature makes this product not to be optimistic, when the development of more than a helpless feeling. "Lead metal refining, manufacturing batteries, battery recycling process are contaminated, only cars on the road when there is no pollution, so can not say that this is clean energy. Is not a lead-acid battery technology is worth promoting. Current lead-acid battery has 45% of Chinese production, Europe and the United States will use, but not manufacturing, not recycling, pollution in China. "Sha Yong Kang said.
Instead, fuel cells, many experts look for is the direction, there are many international giants continue in this field force. Is a hydrogen fuel cell and the oxygen in the air into water by combination of electrochemical process and produce electrical energy generating device. Fuel cell work without combustion, no moving parts, with the energy conversion efficiency (actual efficiency as an ordinary internal combustion engine 2 to 3 times), no noise, long operating life, high reliability, maintainability and good; it's only a product is water, the real line with clean, renewable requirements. Since 1994, the first fuel cell vehicle came to a few dozen years now, technology is developing rapidly.
Action, the current world countries the development of the fuel cell, fuel cell vehicle technology to give a very high concern. Toyota has announced that the first one fuel cell vehicles will be available in 2015. Last September, Toyota, Honda, Hyundai, Ford, General Motors, DaimlerChrysler, Kia Motors and other well-known joint statement calling on governments in 2015 to build more hydrogen fuel infrastructure. If this goal can be achieved, from 2015, worldwide there are hundreds of thousands of hydrogen-powered vehicles will be gradually achieved commercial production. Although the cost of car fuel is still very high, but this is truly meet the cleanliness standards of technology, the industry believes that with the expanding scale of production, cost reduction is only a matter of time.
At the same time, the safety of hydrogen has become the focus of people worried about this, Zi-Feng Ma said, the world's security problems for hydrogen technology research efforts in large, hydrogen as petrochemical, metallurgical and pharmaceutical industries important raw material, its storage and transport arrangements have a very good solution. We are 973 project team is involved in the development of national standards board hydrogen storage and international standards, the laboratory has reached 70 MPa hydrogen cylinder, while the commercial time is probably only 35 MPa, the safety factor is greatly increased. In addition, the hydrogen source is diversified. Currently in Shanghai, very different peak power, tight supply in summer, and spring off the power supply, electrolysis can use peak electricity into hydrogen. As for the Shanghai Baosteel, Shanghai Petrochemical and other large enterprises, large-scale hydrogen is a by-product, so that future prospects are bright.
On the direction of view, the innovation of new energy vehicles to promote battery technology is bound to expand. MA Zi-Feng believes that the future of fuel cells and batteries, fuel cells and capacitors, or be combined with the advantages of both, is a good direction. "We know that a good power rating for the design of fuel cells, electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen by restricting its output power is stable, such as loading 60 kilowatts of fuel cell vehicles, slowing down or stopping the fuel cell is always at work, then extra charge give storage devices, when the vehicle acceleration or climbing, the fuel cell power can not be turned into 70 kilowatts from 60 kilowatts, this will be supplemented with the storage devices, this combination will help to improve the dynamic performance In short, we should select some more direction, more cutting-edge place to look, such as we are and the University of Michigan Cooperative Research Li - air batteries, the latest technology, this relatively distant, to 15 years will have a big development. "
Sand Yongkang also believes that the new energy vehicle technology is very diverse, and should not be all eyes are focused on the battery itself. The concept of new energy sources must be wide, with wide concept have new ideas. Perhaps in the near future will be able to find a new liquid fuel that can replace the methanol and ethanol. Another example is the use of wireless power technology in the car. Although there are some long-distance application problem, but when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2007, this technology can be lit by 2 meters away, 60-watt bulb, which gives people unlimited reverie. The future, the wireless power technology combined with the car might be a viable option, save the plug so cumbersome steps.
New energy vehicles is undoubtedly the future direction of development, after 50 years is likely to fade out of traditional diesel when the stage of history. However, as the sand Yongkang said: "The new energy vehicle development to broaden thinking, staring at an immature technology can not blindly production. Can not see the market do the project, only for research funding, subsidies to state action." Japan Toyota, Honda and other manufacturers, such as day ten years of painstaking research a technology, once mature, strong market, other companies can only be far behind to catch up. In contrast, Chinese companies want to turn to overtake the field of new energy vehicles, still need to stop.
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